September 3rd 2012
Next club meeting Monday 1st October 2012.
Meetings are held
at the Abbey Baptist Church, Abbey Square, commencing at 7.00 p.m.
NOTICES
August Meeting
Luke Schrager’s presentation of 3 September 2012 was about the
life of John Kirk (1730-1778). There were 28 members present.
Although John Kirk
never worked for the Royal Mint, the techniques he used and his work
demonstrated the link between coins, medals, seals and engraving. His output
ranged from a Cornelian seal intaglio of George III in the Royal Collection, to
tokens of a similar date given away with a magazine (the first time the idea of
a collectible series appears to have been tried).
However, the
surviving genealogical records do not make a clear distinction between John
Kirk and his family easy, due primarily to the similarity of names and
initials. John Kirk was the son of another John Kirk - a London Citizen and
Goldsmith of St. Paul’s Churchyard, who died in 1762. John Kirk (II) was born
in 1730 and became a pupil of John Dassier, the
prominent medallist. He is recorded as paying rates
in Russell Street, near Covent Garden, from 1756-1768, and died in 1778, when
he was cited as an engraver.
He worked in many
media and techniques: paper, wax, gem stones and, most importantly, metal. But
it is complicated. There is a medal (1746) commemorating the Battle of Culloden
signed by A. and J. Kirk. This could be an early work of John Kirk and his
elder brother, Alexander (b. 1729). However, as he would have been young to be
in a partnership- it could be the senior John Kirk and his elder son. This
situation is complicated by an engraving of a goldsmith’s workshop dated 1743
by A. and J. Kirk commissioned by the Goldsmiths’ Company, which states that it
is by Alexander Kirk (aged 14) and John Kirk (aged 13). Although listed as an
engraver, John Kirk did follow the trade taught to him by John Dassier, as shown in Dassier’s
‘Medals of the Sovereigns of England’ (1773) where the plate of Queen Charlotte
is signed by Kirk.
In 1754 John Kirk
was proposed as punch engraver to the London Assay Office. He received commissions
from the Royal Society of Arts to engrave its seal (just as he did for the
Grand Lodge of Antients and The Duke of Atholl Lodge in 1774). He also created an armorial badge
for the Cooks’ Company that was cast in silver and in use into the nineteenth century.
According to Eimer, the Kirk family produced 68
medals between 1744 and 1778 (29% of those made in London in the eighteenth
century),
John Kirk also
produced coin weights. He may have also retailed them, and may have made scales
for use with them. Cases are found with his engraved trade card pasted into the
lid. He also produced weights for foreign coins that were being traded in
England, including the ‘Portuguese Joe’ and the ‘half moidore
or 13s 6d’. The use of Portuguese currency was prevalent in England throughout
the eighteenth century.
Kirk produced
tokens advertising businesses - striking for ‘Low’s Grand Hotel’ in Covent
Garden, the first family hotel in London. The building still stands but is now
the flagship branch of L. K. Bennett. When the hotel opened three versions of
this token were struck - gold for the Royal family, silver for the nobility and
bronze for the gentry.
Kirk produced a
series of brass tokens in 1773-1774 ‘a collectible series of objects’ for the
Sentimental Magazine, with each number of the magazine (described in the Bath
advertiser of March 29th 1773, as: A NEW MAGAZINE, With every Number of which
will be given a curious MEDAL, struck on fine Metal, about the Size and Weight
of a Guinea, executed by Mr. KIRKE, in the The
SENTIMENTAL MAGAZINE Or, GENERAL ASSEMBLAGE of SCIENCE, TASTE and
ENTERTAINMENT. Over time, thirteen medals were issued. The end of the series
seems to date from around the time of the departure of the first editor, George
Kearsley, who is most famous for his editorship of
the North Briton, number 45 of which caused his arrest and that of MP John
Wilkes for Seditious Libel of the King. He was replaced by John Coote until publication ceased in 1777.
When he died he
left his personal estate and the lease on the shop to his widow Ann, and
bequests of £30 to his cousin Mary Bather Junior, who was his shop-woman, and
£10 ‘for decent mourning’ to his niece Sarah Stamper, shopkeeper of
Rickmansworth. It is probable that this is the shop formerly occupied by John
Kirk Senior. The sheer range of subject matter and media covered by John Kirk
during his life time has justified his appearance in the Dictionary of National
Biography but there is much more to find out - and Luke hopes to do so in the
future.
The issues raised
in the talk led to an extensive question and answer session, after which Club
members gave a vote of thanks and encouragement to continue the research.
Past Events
Club
Secretary.